Review
Secara keseluruhan, kuliah umum yang diselenggarakan ini cukup menarik. Tema yang diangkat cukup relevan dengan fokus yangdiminatiolehpenulis, yaitu global security.
Terdapat beberapa teori yang dijelaskan melalui kuliah umum ini. Namun, ada beberapa hal yang menurut penulis kurang disampaikan secara jelas, seperti alasan atau penyebab dari penyerangan dan keadaan dalam negeri Amerika Serikat pasca serangan.
Kemudian daripada itu, pemaparan materi yang disampaikan hanya terbatas pada lonjakan agresivitas Amerika Serikat pada Timur Tengah.
Analisis
Pasca perang dingin, istilah ideologi tidak relevan lagi, lebih fokus pada perekonomian, lingkungan, dan lain-lain.
Barry Buzan memiliki asumsi, yaitu: (1) Multipolar: terdapat dua negara adidaya, yaitu Amerika Serikat (AS) dan Uni Soviet; (2) Pembagian dan perselisihan ideologi kecil, seperti ekonomi, lingkungan, dan lainnya; (3) Keamanan dan perubahan; reorientasi; (4) Konsolidasi masyarakat sipil.
Terdapat asumsi Huntington: (1) Kebangkitan kembali identitas pasca keruntuhan uni soviet; (2) Rekonfigurasi politik dunia menjadi delapan peradaban (benturan peradaban); membagi dunia menjadi 8 peradaban.
Dalam konteks peradaban tersebut, terbagi menjadi dari peradaban barat, india mewakali peradaban Hindu, Rusia mewakili peradaban ortodoks.
Munculnya Islam politik: (1) Kebangkitan Islam Politik yang dianggap sebagai lawan.; (2) Kemenangan Pemilu; (3) Multipolar; (4) Hegemoni Gramsci; US sebagai hegemoni.
Dalam konteks ini (4), ada negara yang menjadi pemimpin negara-negara lain dengan memiliki power yang lebih dari segi ideologi, militer, ekonomi, dan lainnya.
Pascaperang dingin, terjadi dua hal penting:
(1) Konstruksi Islam vs barat.
Dalam hal ini, Islam dianggap sebagai ancaman karena demografi populasi islam yang cukup banyak dan cepat. Serta ditakutkan akan menyebabkan benturan dengan barat.
(2) Lawan barat sesudah komunisme.
Runtuhnya komunisme membuat AS tidak memiliki lawan, sehingga islam dianggap sebagai ideologi yang bertentangan dengan ideologi barat.
Hal inilah yang mengawali konflik antara Islam melawan barat.
Narasi pascaperang dingin yang berpuncak pada 9/11 ada beberapa poin penting:
(1) Barat vs Islam.
Pascaperistiwa 9/11, negara-negara Islam, terutama Afghanistan karena dianggap sebagai sarang terorisme menjadi sasaran. Lalu, berlanjut ke Irak.
(2) War on terror;
(3) Budaya hijau yang dianggap mengancam budaya barat.
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