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Sejarah untuk Masa Depan

Museum Bahari Tempo Dulu dan Kini
Jelajah

Museum Bahari Tempo Dulu dan Kini

Jelajah Museum Bahari oleh Komunitas Terekam Jejak

Kesuksesan perniagaan Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) tidak akan terlepas dari peran bangunan Museum Bahari.

Bertempat saat ini di Jalan Pasar Ikan No.1, RT.11/RW.4, Penjaringan, Kecamatan Penjaringan, Kota Jakarta Utara, bangunan ini memiliki nilai sejarah yang penting sejak tahun didirikannya pada 1652.

Dikutip dari Gudang-Gudang Tua di Jakarta, bangunan ini awalnya adalah Gudang Barat yang menyimpan persediaan pala, lada, kopi, tembaga, dan  timah. Sebutan Belandanya, Westzijidsche Pakhuizen.

Ir. Jacques Bollan adalah perancang bangunan ini.

Sejak tahun 1652, bangunan ini terus mengalami perluasan dan perbaikan. Hal ini bisa dilihat dalam angka tahun di tiap pintu bangunan. Terdapat tahun 1718, 1719, dan 1771. Ini menunjukkan bangunan terus dikembangkan agar sempurna.

Pentingnya bangunan ini bisa dilihat dari lokasi yang tertera. Gudang Barat berada di pinggir laut Jakarta Utara, di sampingnya terdapat pertemuan aliran Kali Krukut dan Ciliwung. Dua kali ini merupakan jantung perekonomian VOC sekitar 400 tahun lalu yang mengalirkan  komoditas rempah melalui pengangkutan kapal-kapal kecil di kali-kali tersebut.

Di sebelah gudang, seberang kali,  terdapat pasar ikan. Pada masa VOC, pasar ikan adalah sentra pasar yang besar di Batavia.

Pasar ini tidak hanya menyediakan lelang ikan, tetapi juga beragam barang kebutuhan masyarakat, mulai dari pernak pernik hiasan, perlengkapan dapur, rempah, dan ragam makanan.

Di seberang timur museum, terdapat Pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa saat ini atau Bandar/Pelabuhan Batavia pada masa VOC. Pelabuhan ini yang berfungsi mengantarkan ekspor-impor komoditas di Batavia dari beragam bangsa pelayar dan pedagang internasional dan nusantara. Hingga kini, pelabuhan tersebut masih berfungsi sebagai tempat distribusi barang dan komoditas.

Sebelum menjadi Museum Bahari, bangunan Gudang barat memasok komoditas rempah yang telah diangkut, baik dari pelabuhan dan sungai-sungai, untuk dipasarkan dan dijual dengan harga yang lebih tinggi.

Dengan lokasi gudang yang strategis ini—di pertemuan muara sungai dan pesisir laut—membuat distribusi barang dan komoditas begitu cepat pada zamannya sehingga mengalirkan keuntungan yang besar bagi Belanda. Meski ada gudang-gudang lain seperti gudang timur, gudang utara, gudang kayu, posisi gudang barat tetaplah yang paling menguntungkan.

Kehadiran gudang barat ini tak bisa  dinafikkan turut memberi kontribusi keuntungan besar bagi VOC di Batavia.

Pemaparan denah Kota Batavia, termasuk Gudang Barat, oleh Komunitas Terekam Jejak

Tercatat dalam penelitian “Batavia sebagai Kota Dagang pada Abad XVII Sampai Abad XVIII,” VOC di Batavia mampu menyetor keuntungan sebesar empat juta gulden kepada Negeri Belanda setiap tahunnya. Bahkan, VOC bisa menjadi perusahaan multinasional yang memiliki kekayaan terbesar di dunia, yakni sebesar 7,8 triliun US Dollar (dengan hitungan kurs saat ini)—menurut beberapa dokumenter penelitian.

Baca juga: Siasat Belanda Taklukkan Jayakarta

Gudang ini menjadi saksi pengerukan keuntungan di Batavia kala itu.

Penjelasan Wilayah Batavia melalui lukisan oleh Komunitas Terekam Jejak

Setelah hengkangnya Belanda pada tahun 1942, Gudang barat tak lagi milik Belanda. Bangunan ini digunakan oleh Dai Nippon (Pemerintah Jepang) sebagai tempat menyimpan logistik tantara Jepang. Tetapi itu pun tak lama, hanya 3,5 tahun.

Setelah Indonesia merdeka, bangunan ini difungsikan kembali sebagai Gudang logistik Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN), serta Pos Telepon dan Telegraf (PTT). Ide untuk menjadikan Gudang ini sebagai museum terjadi pada tahun 1970-an.

Era Gubernur Jakarta Ali Sadikin, bangunan ini dijadikan  sebagai Museum Bahari secara resmi pada 7 Juli 1977. Meski sempat ada renovasi, tetapi bagian gudang tidak mengalami banyak perubahan. Hanya saja, dilakukan pengecatan ulang agar terlihat lebih terawat.

Kini, bangunan Museum Bahari menjadi sarana edukasi maritim di Jakarta. Beragam orang berdatangan ke tempat tersebut, mulai dari komunitas, warga sekitar, orang asing, bahkan anak-anak. Beragam koleksi yang berhubungan dengan sejarah maritime tersedia dan menjadi tempat yang layak dikunjungi.

Baca juga: Potret Museum Bank Indonesia

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