Sejarawan Belanda, Dr. F. De Haan, menginfomasikan dalam buku Oud Batavia: Masjid Angke didirikan pada Kamis, tanggal 26 Sya’ban 1174 H yang bertepatan dengan tanggal 2 April 1761 M.

Namun, penjelasan mengenai tahun pendirian angke itu bisa jadi keliru. Menurut juru kunci mesjid, bangunan ini didirikan pada 1751 atau sepuluh tahun setelah pecahnya geger pecinan Angke akibat kebijakan Gubernur Jenderal VOC.

Mesjid Angke yang sekarang dinamakan Mesjid Jami Al Anwar ini, tempat menyatunya perpaduan antar budaya. Semua langgam arsitektur yang menyimbolkan kelompok budaya penduduk Angke terakulturasi dalam satu bangunan. Masjid Angke adalah lambang kebhinekaan dalam Islam.

Menurut arsip, pembangunan mesjid dibiayai oleh perempuan Tionghoa muslim bernama Tan Nio, yang masih kerabat dari putri Ong Tien Nio, istri Sunan Gunung Jati. Pun, arsiteknya konon adalah seorang ulama Tionghoa yang bernama Syeikh Liong Tan.

Jadi, sebagaimana Masjid Agung Banten yang menaranya dirancang oleh Tionghoa muslim bernama Cek Ban Cut (1628 M), masjid Angke pun dibikin Tionghoa muslim.

Sedangkan wilayah tempat berdirinya mesjid, merupakan kampung yang mayoritasnya dihuni oleh orang Bali. Hal ini diketahui dari keberadaan Kampung Gusti yang letaknya tak jauh dari mesjid. Juga terdapat riwayat bahwa masjid ini dibangun di atas lahan milik pemukim Bali. Etnis Bali telah diketahui lama sebagai bagian yang cukup banyak jumlahnya dari penduduk Batavia. Untung Surapati adalah salah satunya.

Arsitektur

Sekilas, arsitektur masjid seperti berlanggam Jawa. Namun jika diperhatikan lebih detail, arsitektur juga memperlihatkan pengaruh budaya Tionghoa.

Ini terlihat dari ujung-ujung atapnya yang sedikit melengkung ke atas. Mirip  bangunan rumah Tionghoa tradisional  atau klenteng, meskipun ada yang berpendapat mirip dengan punggel yang terdapat pada  bangunan Bali.

Bangunan mesjid berdiri di atas tanah seluas 200 m2. Ukurannya lebih kurang 15 X 15 meter. Atapnya terbuat dari kayu; berbentuk tumpang persegi empat yang bersusun dua dengan ujung cungkup berbentuk kuncup melati.

Pada bagian dinding mesjid, di keempat sisinya terdapat kisi-kisi jendela kayu. Di bawahnya, pada sisi kiri dan kanan, terdapat tulisan Arab dalam kotak yang berjumlah 101. Ornamen bergaya Eropa tampak dari bentuk uliran jeruji di masing-masing jendela.

Dalam ruangan mesjid, terdapat empat pilar beton setinggi 9 meter dengan lekuk garis simetris yang dihiasi ornamen kaligrafi di bagian atasnya. Kalangan arsitektur menyebut keberadaan tiang ini sebagai cerminan pengaruh arsitektur tradisional Jawa seperti yang tampak pada Mesjid Agung Demak, tetapi bisa juga diartikan melambangkan empat sahabat nabi. Sedangkan, bentuk mimbar terlihat dipengaruhi seni kriya khas Bali.

Tangga masuk masjid yang berjumlah lima melambangkan rukun Islam. Kemudian, total pintu masuknya ada tiga, tapi masing-masing pintu memiliki dua daun pintu. Total ada enam daun pintu yang bisa dibilang menyimbolkan rukun iman.

Makam

Selain  akulturasi, masjid Angke bukanlah sembarang masjid. Di sekelilingnya terdapat makam keramat yang terdiri dari makam para bangsawan dan habaib, sekaligus multi etnis. Orang-orang keturunan Arab, Bali, Banten, Pontianak, dan Tartar dimakamkan dalam kompleks mesjid. Jumlahnya 30 makam, dengan nisan berhiaskan ukiran kuncup padma, tumpal (segi tiga), dan sulur-suluran.

Istri Pangeran Tubagus Angke yang juga merupakan anak dari Sultan Maulana Hasanudin – Ratu Pembayun Fatimah, dimakamkan di halaman belakang mesjid.

Di sebelah timur, terdapat makam habib sekaligus pangeran dari Kesultanan  Pontianak, Syarif Hamid Al Gadrie.

Pada nisannya tertulis: “meninggal dalam usia 64 tahun 35 hari pada tahun 1274 H atau 1854 M”. Ia meninggal dalam masa pengasingan, karena konon melawan penjajahan Belanda. Peziarah Pangeran Syarif Al Gadrie, biasanya selalu ramai pada ziarah tahunan ‘haul sohibul maqom’ yang jatuh pada satu hari setelah Hari Raya Idul Adha.

Urusan niat dalam ziarah makam pangeran juga tak boleh sembarangan. Melansir dari Tribunnews, pernah ada orang tiba-tiba lumpuh selama 10 hari tak bangun-bangun. Diberi tindakan medis hingga pijat refleksi juga tak sembuh, sampai pengurus mesjid mencari keluarganya di Pekalongan. Agar kejadian tak berulang, pengurus masjid dan makam memutuskan menempelkan papan peringatan yang berbunyi “Hindarilah kemusyrikan”, serta gambar tangan yang di atasnya ada kalimat “Allah”, maksudnya memohon kepada Allah dan bukan makam.

Pada zaman Belanda, Masjid Angke dilindungi sebagai cagar budaya melalui Monumen Ordonantie Stbl No.238 tahun 1931, lalu pada era kemerdekaan diperkuat oleh SK Gubernur DKI Jakarta tanggal 10 Januari 1972.

Mengutip aroengbinang.com, mesjid Angke pernah mengalami beberapa pemugaran pada tahun 1969-1970, 1973, 1974, dan 1985-1987. Belakangan, Masjid Angke rampung direvitalisasi kembali mengingat usianya yang sudah ratusan tahun.

Masjid berusia lebih dari dua abad itu direvitalisasi besar-besaran sejak 2017 lewat dua tahap. Revitalisasi tersebut diprakarsai mendiang tokoh Lingkar Warisan Kota Tua (Lingwa) Prof. Dr. Toeti Heraty Noerhadi-Roosseno yang bekerjasama dengan Dinas Kebudayaan DKI Jakarta dan Ikatan Ahli Arkeologi Indonesia (IAAI).

Sayangnya, sang pemrakarsa tak bisa melihat langsung peresmian revitalisasinya pada hari Senin 20 September 2021, karena sudah lebih dulu wafat pada 13 Juni 2021.

Baca Juga: Angke Tempo Dulu: Menilik Wilayah dan Masyarakatnya

Editor: Agil Kurniadi

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