Raden Mas Mutahar, nama lengkap Pangeran Diponegoro, merupakan tokoh kunci dalam Perang Jawa tahun 1825-1830. Ia juga merupakan salah satu pangeran dari Keraton Yogyakarta, anak dari Raden Mas Surojo (kelak menjadi Hamengkubuwono 3) dan istri keduanya, Raden Ayu Mengkorowati.

Sosok yang lahir pada tahun 1769 ini menjadi sosok terpenting dalam sejarah perlawanan kolonialisme Belanda pada abad ke-19.

Kenapa demikian?

Pertama, Diponegoro adalah pengobar Perang Jawa yang berlangsung selama lima tahun. Perang Jawa ini bukan perang biasa, tetapi perang yang membuat Belanda kewalahan dan bangkrut.

Perang Jawa terjadi di beberapa wilayah Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur. Di bagian selatan, perang terjadi di Yogyakarta Bagelen, dan Surakarta. Di tengah wilayah sekitar Kedu spt Magelang, Parakan, dan Wonosobo. Di timur, Banyumas dan Banjarnegara. Di utara, wilayah Weleri, Pekalongan, Tegal, dan Semarang.

Perang ini melibatkan elite-elite Jawa dan Kaum Ulama. Dari total 29 pangeran Jawa, 15 pangeran bergabung dengan Diponegoro. Dari total 88 bupati di wilayah Jawa, ada 41 bupati yang memihak Diponegoro. Termasuk juga ulama2, salah satunya Kyai Mojo.

Perang ini bahkan menewaskan 200 ribu penduduk sipil. Bisa dibilang, setengah populasi Yogyakarta habis karena perang ini. Belanda bahkan kehilangan 15 ribu tentaranya, 8 ribu tentara Belanda dan 7 ribu tentara pribumi.

Karena Perang inilah, Belanda alami krisis keuangan. Belanda merugi 20 juta gulden.

Kedua, Diponegoro menjadi titik balik historiografi seni rupa di Indonesia. Seorang pelukis tersohor pada zamannya, Raden Saleh, melukis Diponegoro ketika ditangkap di Magelang sebagai respon atas karya lukis Nicolaas Pieneman tentang peristiwa yang sama.

Lukisan Raden Saleh ttg Diponegoro itu memberikan sudut pandang nasionalisme, berbeda dengan Pieneman yang cenderung pro Belanda. Raden Saleh menyerahkan hasil lukisannya kepada Raja Belanda.

Ketika lukisan tersebut dikembalikan ke Indonesia pada tahun 1975, lukisan tersebut menjadi Cagar Budaya nasional bernomor registrasi RNCB.20190219.01.001562, berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Menteri No306/M/2018.

Tetapi tak hanya itu, lukisan ini menjadi titik balik historiografi atau penulisan sejarah seni rupa di karena sosok Diponegoro dalam lukisan menjadi tolak ukur nasionalisme yang membentuk paradigma nasionalisme dalam sejarah seni rupa di Indonesia.

Bahkan Presiden saat itu, Soeharto, menyerukan supaya “struktur penulisan sejarah seni rupa Indonesia diperbaiki dan dikembangkan“.

Secara tidak langsung, Diponegoro memberikan efek psikologis yang besar terhadap para seniman di Indonesia yang bernuansakan nasionalisme.

Ketiga, karya autobiografinya, Babad Diponegoro, masuk ke dalam catatan Unesco dengan tajuk “memory of the world.” Babad Diponegoro menjadi autobiografi pertama  di Indonesia.

Meskipun, Sejarawan Peter Carey menyangsikan Diponegoro yang menulisnya, mengingat kemampuan menulis Bahasa Jawanya sangat kurang. Menurut Peter, yang menulis Babad itu adalah Tumenggung Dipowiyono,  ipar Diponegoro. Diponegoro menceritakan kisahnya kepada iparnya, lalu dia menuliskannya dalam tembang.

Koleksi Babad Diponegoro di Perpustakaan RI terdaftar dalam “the Memory of the World International Register” Unesco pada tahun 2013, setara dengan karya Negarakertagama yang juga menempati kategori yang sama.

Sebab pertimbangannya, koleksi sebanyak 1.151 halaman tulisan tangan ini berisikan materi penting untuk peningkatan kapasitas intelektual, khususnya pemahaman budaya Jawa, untuk masa kini dan masa depan di seluruh dunia.

Share this post

6 comments

  1. Howdy! Do you know if they make any plugins to help
    with Search Engine Optimization? I’m trying to get my website
    to rank for some targeted keywords but I’m not seeing very good success.
    If you know of any please share. Appreciate it! You can read similar art here:
    Eco wool

  2. Hi! Do you know if they make any plugins to assist with SEO?
    I’m trying to get my blog to rank for some targeted keywords but I’m
    not seeing very good results. If you know of any
    please share. Kudos! I saw similar blog here: Coaching

  3. I am really impressed with your writing talents as well as with the layout for your weblog. Is this a paid topic or did you modify it your self? Anyway keep up the nice high quality writing, it’s uncommon to look a nice blog like this one today. I like terekamjejak.com ! It’s my: Stan Store

  4. I’m extremely impressed along with your writing abilities and also with the structure for your weblog. Is that this a paid subject or did you modify it your self? Either way stay up the excellent high quality writing, it is rare to see a great weblog like this one these days. I like terekamjejak.com ! Mine is: Lemlist

  5. Analysis has examined the consequences of serum testosterone and adaptations to
    resistance training in younger adults using prohormones.

    An older research revealed in the Journal of the American Medical Affiliation followed 30
    wholesome topics aged 19 to 29 who were not taking nutritional supplements or steroids and weren’t engaged in resistance
    coaching. In 2009, an in depth model of methasterone known as Dymethazine (DMZ) was dropped at the market.
    The small distinction between Superdrol and DMZ is that the latter has two methasterone molecules
    (instead of one) that are bonded together by a nitrogen atom.
    These molecules are then divided by the physique’s
    stomach acid and this reduces the extent of liver injury that is
    generally seen with Superdrol. So the massive benefit of Dymethazine is that it supplies
    close to the same amount of lean muscle positive aspects as Superdrol, with
    less-harsh side effects.
    Dimethazine is a prohormone that’s bought as an artificial anabolic-androgenic steroid.
    Dimethazine is a methyldienolone spinoff that has two extra methyl teams.
    As A Result Of of the unwanted aspect effects and the shortage of sufficient
    proof, over-the-counter prohormone supplements must be approached with warning.

    He has been formulating, consulting, & manufacturing dietary dietary supplements since 1998.

    Alex invented protein customization in 1998 &
    was the primary company to permit consumers to create their very own protein blends.

    He helped create the first supplement to contain natural follistatin, invented whey
    protein with egg lecithin, & lately imported the world’s first 100% hydrolyzed whey.
    I know orals like this may be pretty damaging to the liver, and
    I wish to be reassured that I’m not slowly killing myself by taking another cycle.

    Guys in my unit who’ve taken it instructed a 2x every day dose of fish oil, milk thistle, and a every day multivitamin.
    At OSUWMC, he had an initial ALT of 167, AST
    of eighty one, complete bilirubin of 21.eight,
    direct bilirubin of thirteen, ALP of 112, and an INR of 1.0.

    Patient’s social historical past included prior alcohol use varying from zero to four
    instances weekly with four to 10 drinks day by day, and tobacco
    use occasionally. Since Dymethazine prohormones are methylated, anyone taking it ought to take a
    liver help supplement or a full cycle support supplement.

    The exact mechanisms of liver harm caused by SARMs are yet to be deciphered.
    Analogically to the effect of anabolic steroids definition medical (https://eden-spirit.com/wp-Content/pgs/anavar_for_women_befor_after.html), idiosyncrasy
    likely plays a serious role[24]. The biochemical pattern of mixed-type
    harm and histological findings in all reported instances suggest that hepatocytes and cholangiocytes had
    been focused by the immune response. Ligandrol has a chronic elimination half-life of h and linear pharmacokinetics[18].
    Serum concentrations elevated nearly 3-fold after
    21 d of use and the difference within the space under the curve between 1.zero mg and zero.1 mg per day was greater than 13-fold.

    After a collection of concussions ended his high school
    wrestling profession, Matt found bodybuilding, shortly
    immersing himself on the earth of fitness, diet and supplementation. A
    National Academy of Sports Medicine Certified Coach, Matt founded UFit
    Sports Activities Performance and Vitamin and has helped dozens of shoppers
    obtain their fitness targets. Having tried and tested countless dietary supplements, Matt is very
    considered a credible evaluator of dietary products.
    So naturally, an ongoing Superdrol vs Dbol debate has occurred at many forums over which is the superior drug.

    The reply largely relies upon upon the individual and what’s most important to them.

    But on this specific EliteFitness discussion board thread, the original poster is advised to take Superdrol over Dianabol when considering the fact that they’re in search of dry, keepable positive aspects.
    In 2005, methasterone was introduced to the
    industrial market underneath the brand name Superdrol (a.k.a.
    Tremendous Anadrol). And you could be stunned to know that you could walk into many GNC stores and find Superdrol on the market.
    Marketed as the Superdrol prohormone, this product loved super
    commercial success due the reality that it allowed people to legally juice.
    And this opportunity to buy Superdrol at common shops enabled bodybuilders to skate
    by the Anabolic Steroids Management Act of 1990 and its
    2004 revision.
    R-DHEA is a “dry” compound because it promotes lean muscle achieve with
    out dreaded water retention. When prohormones had been launched in 1996, many athletes took advantage
    of their highly effective skills. For instance, Major League
    Baseball legend Mark McGwire was identified to take prohormones as
    he labored to interrupt house run information. However, he soon turned a central figure in a
    steroid scandal that shook the sports activities industry.

    Upon ingestion the combined designer steroids are separated into their
    two respective steroid molecules by stomach acids. Utilizing methasterone
    can have an effect on your hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis (HPTA), which gauges how a lot pure
    testosterone your body wants to supply. Thanks to an infusion of hormones, Superdrol can shut down your HPTA operate, making
    it tough on your libido to get well following a cycle.
    This Is one case the place a guy’s sex drive was
    utterly shut down coming off a Superdrol
    cycle (including letrozole), and he was suggested to get blood work in addition to take HCG and Clomid.

    Turkesterone may activate the Notch receptors in skeletal muscle cells, helping stem cells become new muscle cells.
    It could additionally possess anti-stress effects to indirectly assist our capability to build muscle by optimising cortisol levels.

  6. The time period primarily refers to boys and males who’re dissatisfied with their look
    because they perceive their muscles as too small, regardless of their dimension. Doctors
    are nonetheless finding out the full effects of HGH, however
    they imagine its performance-enhancing properties can result
    in body fats discount and muscle constructing and recovery.
    Trenbolone and Testosterone are two of the most in contrast
    steroids in history. Whereas there isn’t any simple answer as to which steroid is healthier between the
    2, it’s usually thought of that in relation to muscle mass and strength, Trenbolone will outperform Testosterone.

    These results, the program taught, happen shortly — you mainly get buff and
    you then die. According to the scientists I spoke
    to who study steroids, figuring out how widespread their use is could be exhausting.
    David (who isn’t an actor) didn’t need to be named
    in this story because unauthorized steroid distribution is illegal.
    He started experimenting with steroids after his doctor diagnosed him with low testosterone
    round a decade in the past. In Accordance
    to a 2013 report from the Hollywood Reporter, fellow celebrity coach Happy Hill estimated that roughly 20 percent of
    actors use PEDs to attain their physiques. I asked Williamson about that estimate, and he said he believes
    the quantity has gone up as a outcome of
    increased business calls for.
    PEDs can lead to grim consequences, but they usually don’t happen instantly.
    We see their results on the action heroes of mainstream movies,
    on the fitness influencers of Instagram, maybe even on the
    people lifting subsequent to us at the fitness center. Timothy needed to get muscular tissues shortly,
    to feel extra attractive, to see his arms, his back, his chest finally
    exhibit all of the work he was placing them by way of.

    In 2020, when a lot of his industry was nonetheless
    struggling to figure out tips on how to return to work, he watched a documentary about steroids being trafficked into the Usa.
    The film made getting steroids seem very easy and their advantages
    actually attractive, he says, although that wasn’t the
    point the movie — which was about their risks — was making an attempt to
    get throughout. Timothy says he had nothing to lose during the pandemic,
    so he took steroids.
    Bonds claimed that to his information, the substances given to him were authorized to deal with his arthritis.

    The vitamin heart BALCO was accused of distributing steroids to
    many star players, most notably Barry Bonds and Jason Giambi.
    Baseball has attempted to toughen its drug policy,
    starting a plan of random tests to gamers.
    You are extra doubtless to experience these unwanted facet effects in case you
    are genetically predisposed to male sample baldness, acne, or
    aggression. Dr. O’Connor has over 20 years of expertise treating men and women with a history of anabolic
    steroid, SARM, and PED use. He has been a board-certified MD since 2005 and provides steerage on hurt discount methodologies.
    In our expertise, some users can take Cardarine, and
    their alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase
    (AST) scores elevate barely after an 8-week cycle.
    In our experience, the endurance effects of Cardarine are partially short-term because of mitochondrial biogenesis.

    Using steroids and other PEDs to realize that look might give them an edge.
    These medicine are harmful and their long-term effects are understudied, experts say, but with what they offer,
    those issues seem to get lost within the shuffle.
    We’re accustomed to buying what we have to improve our look, performance,
    and job prospects, and while PEDs are nominally forbidden to the average client, sources say they’re surprisingly
    easy to obtain.
    This is as close as you’re going to get to a natural steroid, with a extra mild formulation, no well being risks, and a variety of healthy vitamins
    to assist efficiency and hormonal operate. Women’s bodybuilding is often much less
    depending on steroid use due to the smaller competition pool
    and the higher significance of genetics.
    Efficient muscle growth is often slower, while steroid
    use is clear typically – especially with the “real” steroids that have stronger results.
    This just isn’t the case in natural bodybuilding,
    however, where to buy steroid online (https://suntana.Com/art/?buy_hgh_37.Html) you could possibly see nice success without
    steroid use. These pure bodybuilding federations promote steroid-free bodybuilding, and
    you’ll win those with out steroids – it’s the whole level.
    Pope said one of the massive risks he fears is that as PEDs’ efficiency becomes extra well-known, it could truly improve
    usage. Olivardia agreed, and mentioned that with the patients he sees, the one path to security is quitting the medicine.

    You’ll want steroids if you want to be as big as elite bodybuilders or strongmen. Nevertheless, you’ll have the
    ability to turn out to be very big without steroids; you need to be patient and consistent along
    with your coaching and food regimen. Total, it’s a worse trade-off that should only really be thought-about by those
    dedicated to bodybuilding and with close medical steerage.

Tinggalkan Balasan

Alamat email Anda tidak akan dipublikasikan. Ruas yang wajib ditandai *

Open chat
Hai, ada yang bisa dibantu?