Raden Mas Mutahar, nama lengkap Pangeran Diponegoro, merupakan tokoh kunci dalam Perang Jawa tahun 1825-1830. Ia juga merupakan salah satu pangeran dari Keraton Yogyakarta, anak dari Raden Mas Surojo (kelak menjadi Hamengkubuwono 3) dan istri keduanya, Raden Ayu Mengkorowati.
Sosok yang lahir pada tahun 1769 ini menjadi sosok terpenting dalam sejarah perlawanan kolonialisme Belanda pada abad ke-19.
Kenapa demikian?
Pertama, Diponegoro adalah pengobar Perang Jawa yang berlangsung selama lima tahun. Perang Jawa ini bukan perang biasa, tetapi perang yang membuat Belanda kewalahan dan bangkrut.
Perang Jawa terjadi di beberapa wilayah Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur. Di bagian selatan, perang terjadi di Yogyakarta Bagelen, dan Surakarta. Di tengah wilayah sekitar Kedu spt Magelang, Parakan, dan Wonosobo. Di timur, Banyumas dan Banjarnegara. Di utara, wilayah Weleri, Pekalongan, Tegal, dan Semarang.
Perang ini melibatkan elite-elite Jawa dan Kaum Ulama. Dari total 29 pangeran Jawa, 15 pangeran bergabung dengan Diponegoro. Dari total 88 bupati di wilayah Jawa, ada 41 bupati yang memihak Diponegoro. Termasuk juga ulama2, salah satunya Kyai Mojo.
Perang ini bahkan menewaskan 200 ribu penduduk sipil. Bisa dibilang, setengah populasi Yogyakarta habis karena perang ini. Belanda bahkan kehilangan 15 ribu tentaranya, 8 ribu tentara Belanda dan 7 ribu tentara pribumi.
Karena Perang inilah, Belanda alami krisis keuangan. Belanda merugi 20 juta gulden.
Kedua, Diponegoro menjadi titik balik historiografi seni rupa di Indonesia. Seorang pelukis tersohor pada zamannya, Raden Saleh, melukis Diponegoro ketika ditangkap di Magelang sebagai respon atas karya lukis Nicolaas Pieneman tentang peristiwa yang sama.
Lukisan Raden Saleh ttg Diponegoro itu memberikan sudut pandang nasionalisme, berbeda dengan Pieneman yang cenderung pro Belanda. Raden Saleh menyerahkan hasil lukisannya kepada Raja Belanda.
Ketika lukisan tersebut dikembalikan ke Indonesia pada tahun 1975, lukisan tersebut menjadi Cagar Budaya nasional bernomor registrasi RNCB.20190219.01.001562, berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Menteri No306/M/2018.
Tetapi tak hanya itu, lukisan ini menjadi titik balik historiografi atau penulisan sejarah seni rupa di karena sosok Diponegoro dalam lukisan menjadi tolak ukur nasionalisme yang membentuk paradigma nasionalisme dalam sejarah seni rupa di Indonesia.
Bahkan Presiden saat itu, Soeharto, menyerukan supaya “struktur penulisan sejarah seni rupa Indonesia diperbaiki dan dikembangkan“.
Secara tidak langsung, Diponegoro memberikan efek psikologis yang besar terhadap para seniman di Indonesia yang bernuansakan nasionalisme.
Ketiga, karya autobiografinya, Babad Diponegoro, masuk ke dalam catatan Unesco dengan tajuk “memory of the world.” Babad Diponegoro menjadi autobiografi pertama di Indonesia.
Meskipun, Sejarawan Peter Carey menyangsikan Diponegoro yang menulisnya, mengingat kemampuan menulis Bahasa Jawanya sangat kurang. Menurut Peter, yang menulis Babad itu adalah Tumenggung Dipowiyono, ipar Diponegoro. Diponegoro menceritakan kisahnya kepada iparnya, lalu dia menuliskannya dalam tembang.
Koleksi Babad Diponegoro di Perpustakaan RI terdaftar dalam “the Memory of the World International Register” Unesco pada tahun 2013, setara dengan karya Negarakertagama yang juga menempati kategori yang sama.
Sebab pertimbangannya, koleksi sebanyak 1.151 halaman tulisan tangan ini berisikan materi penting untuk peningkatan kapasitas intelektual, khususnya pemahaman budaya Jawa, untuk masa kini dan masa depan di seluruh dunia.
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Analysis has examined the consequences of serum testosterone and adaptations to
resistance training in younger adults using prohormones.
An older research revealed in the Journal of the American Medical Affiliation followed 30
wholesome topics aged 19 to 29 who were not taking nutritional supplements or steroids and weren’t engaged in resistance
coaching. In 2009, an in depth model of methasterone known as Dymethazine (DMZ) was dropped at the market.
The small distinction between Superdrol and DMZ is that the latter has two methasterone molecules
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These molecules are then divided by the physique’s
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Dimethazine is a prohormone that’s bought as an artificial anabolic-androgenic steroid.
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As A Result Of of the unwanted aspect effects and the shortage of sufficient
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I know orals like this may be pretty damaging to the liver, and
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Guys in my unit who’ve taken it instructed a 2x every day dose of fish oil, milk thistle, and a every day multivitamin.
At OSUWMC, he had an initial ALT of 167, AST
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Patient’s social historical past included prior alcohol use varying from zero to four
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Analogically to the effect of anabolic steroids definition medical (https://eden-spirit.com/wp-Content/pgs/anavar_for_women_befor_after.html), idiosyncrasy
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Serum concentrations elevated nearly 3-fold after
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So naturally, an ongoing Superdrol vs Dbol debate has occurred at many forums over which is the superior drug.
The reply largely relies upon upon the individual and what’s most important to them.
But on this specific EliteFitness discussion board thread, the original poster is advised to take Superdrol over Dianabol when considering the fact that they’re in search of dry, keepable positive aspects.
In 2005, methasterone was introduced to the
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Marketed as the Superdrol prohormone, this product loved super
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And this opportunity to buy Superdrol at common shops enabled bodybuilders to skate
by the Anabolic Steroids Management Act of 1990 and its
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R-DHEA is a “dry” compound because it promotes lean muscle achieve with
out dreaded water retention. When prohormones had been launched in 1996, many athletes took advantage
of their highly effective skills. For instance, Major League
Baseball legend Mark McGwire was identified to take prohormones as
he labored to interrupt house run information. However, he soon turned a central figure in a
steroid scandal that shook the sports activities industry.
Upon ingestion the combined designer steroids are separated into their
two respective steroid molecules by stomach acids. Utilizing methasterone
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This Is one case the place a guy’s sex drive was
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Turkesterone may activate the Notch receptors in skeletal muscle cells, helping stem cells become new muscle cells.
It could additionally possess anti-stress effects to indirectly assist our capability to build muscle by optimising cortisol levels.
The time period primarily refers to boys and males who’re dissatisfied with their look
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Trenbolone and Testosterone are two of the most in contrast
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These results, the program taught, happen shortly — you mainly get buff and
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David (who isn’t an actor) didn’t need to be named
in this story because unauthorized steroid distribution is illegal.
He started experimenting with steroids after his doctor diagnosed him with low testosterone
round a decade in the past. In Accordance
to a 2013 report from the Hollywood Reporter, fellow celebrity coach Happy Hill estimated that roughly 20 percent of
actors use PEDs to attain their physiques. I asked Williamson about that estimate, and he said he believes
the quantity has gone up as a outcome of
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PEDs can lead to grim consequences, but they usually don’t happen instantly.
We see their results on the action heroes of mainstream movies,
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people lifting subsequent to us at the fitness center. Timothy needed to get muscular tissues shortly,
to feel extra attractive, to see his arms, his back, his chest finally
exhibit all of the work he was placing them by way of.
In 2020, when a lot of his industry was nonetheless
struggling to figure out tips on how to return to work, he watched a documentary about steroids being trafficked into the Usa.
The film made getting steroids seem very easy and their advantages
actually attractive, he says, although that wasn’t the
point the movie — which was about their risks — was making an attempt to
get throughout. Timothy says he had nothing to lose during the pandemic,
so he took steroids.
Bonds claimed that to his information, the substances given to him were authorized to deal with his arthritis.
The vitamin heart BALCO was accused of distributing steroids to
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Baseball has attempted to toughen its drug policy,
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In our expertise, some users can take Cardarine, and
their alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase
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In our experience, the endurance effects of Cardarine are partially short-term because of mitochondrial biogenesis.
Using steroids and other PEDs to realize that look might give them an edge.
These medicine are harmful and their long-term effects are understudied, experts say, but with what they offer,
those issues seem to get lost within the shuffle.
We’re accustomed to buying what we have to improve our look, performance,
and job prospects, and while PEDs are nominally forbidden to the average client, sources say they’re surprisingly
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This is as close as you’re going to get to a natural steroid, with a extra mild formulation, no well being risks, and a variety of healthy vitamins
to assist efficiency and hormonal operate. Women’s bodybuilding is often much less
depending on steroid use due to the smaller competition pool
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Efficient muscle growth is often slower, while steroid
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Pope said one of the massive risks he fears is that as PEDs’ efficiency becomes extra well-known, it could truly improve
usage. Olivardia agreed, and mentioned that with the patients he sees, the one path to security is quitting the medicine.
You’ll want steroids if you want to be as big as elite bodybuilders or strongmen. Nevertheless, you’ll have the
ability to turn out to be very big without steroids; you need to be patient and consistent along
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dedicated to bodybuilding and with close medical steerage.