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Potret Museum Bank Indonesia
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Potret Museum Bank Indonesia

Sumber foto: Kompas/Priyombodo

Kunjungan ke Museum Bank Indonesia bisa  menjadi suatu destinasi yang menarik untuk dilakukan. Museum ini banyak didatangi dari berbagai macam orang, mulai dari masyarakat kalangan bawah, kalangan atas, pelajar, hingga turis asing.

Berlokasi di Jakarta Barat, depan stasiun Jakarta Kota, museum Bank Indonesia diresmikan secara soft opening pada tahun 2006 dan secara grand opening sejak tahun 2009 oleh Presiden RI keenam, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.

Bangunan berumur hampir dua abad ini awalnya merupakan bangunan rumah sakit yang bernama Binnen Hospital, kemudian menjadi bangunan De Javasche Bank, bank swasta kepemilikan Belanda pada abad 20. Jenis bangunan ini beraliran neo-klasikal, dipengaruhi gaya barat yang menonjolkan kemegahan.

Sejak 2009, museum ini dibuka secara luas ke masyarakat. Di museum ini, dipaparkan banyak hal mengenai ekonomi Indonesia, terutama berkaitan dengan dinamika sejarah ekonomi di Indonesia. Termasuk juga, bagaimana peran Bank Indonesia dalam dinamika sejarah ekonomi tersebut.

Dalam sejarah ekonomi, misalnya, museum ini menjelaskan bagaimana awal mula perkembangan ekonomi nusantara sejak masa kerajaan sebelum abad 16. Kala itu, nusantara merupakan pusat penghasil rempah-rempah yang nilainya setara dengan emas.

Beberapa produk rempah-rempah itu seperti lada, pala, cengkeh, dan kayu manis. Kala itu, rempah-rempah tidak bisa dianggap remeh lantaran memiliki banyak fungsi yang penting seperti untuk pengobatan, bumbu dapur, kecantikan, dan penghangat tubuh.

Bisa dikatakan, rempah-rempah saat itu seperti minyak bumi yang saat ini masih diperebutkan negara-negara dunia untuk mencapai kemakmuran.

Dalam museum ini, dinamika ekonomi itu ditunjukkan dengan masuknya para kolonialis seperti Belanda, Inggris, Prancis, Spanyol, dan Portugis yang ingin memonopoli rempah-rempah. Salah satu yang ditunjukkan adalah kehadiran VOC.

Sejak abad 16 hingga 19, perdagangan rempah menjadi suatu perdagangan dunia yang dilakukan negara-negara.

Para penjelajah dan pedagang menggunakan jalur dagang untuk mendistribusikan produk rempah-rempah sebagai upaya meningkatkan ekonomi dan memenuhi kebutuhan rempah dunia sebagai bahan baku yang sangat penting.

Peran bank ditunjukkan sebagai sebuah lembaga yang berfungsi menyimpan uang. Museum Bank Indonesia memaparkan kegiatan bank melalui diorama-diorama yang dibuat. Bagaimana kegiatan bank itu hadir di tengah euphoria rempah di nusantara dijelaskan Museum Bank Indonesia dengan cukup baik.

Museum Bank Indonesia juga memberikan gambaran ekonomi Indonesia setelah merdeka secara keseluruhan. Museum memaparkan kondisi dan perkembangan ekonomi di Indonesia dari periode ke periode.

Lalu, hal itu dikaitkan dengan peran Bank Indonesia yang berdiri pada awal tahun 1950-an, menggantikan De Javasche Bank sebagai bank swasta milik Belanda saat itu.

Baca juga: Sjafruddin dan Bank Indonesia: Menata Keuangan Awal Rintisan

Mulai dari beragam kebijakan  ekonomi tahun 1950-an, krisis ekonomi tahun 1960-an, pembangunan ekonomi era Soeharto, krisis moneter 1998, hingga ekonomi era reformasi; semua itu dipaparkan dalam museum.

Sebagai contoh, pada krisis ekonomi 1998, Museum Bank Indonesia menampilkan  contoh bentuk kerusakan yang terjadi di Jakarta dan kota-kota besar lainnya, termasuk juga penjarahan-penjarahan yang pernah terjadi.

Museum Bank Indonesia juga memaparkan bagaimana transformasi Bank Indonesia sebagai peran regulator yang diatur negara hingga menjadi regulator yang bersifat independen. Termasuk juga, tokoh pimpinan Gubernur Bank Indonesia sejak awal berdirinya Bank Indonesia hingga kini.

Museum Bank Indonesia menaruh perhatian khusus terhadap hal-hal tertentu. Dalam eksibisinya, terdapat beberapa ruangan khusus seperti ruang hijau, ruang numismatik, dan ruang emas.

Guna memberikan ketertarikan terhadap masyarakat, Museum Bank Indonesia memperbolehkan masyarakat untuk mengunjungi ruang-ruang tersebut secara terbuka. Hal ini memberikan kekhasan Museum Bank Indonesia yang berbeda dari museum lainnya. Ada nilai lebih yang ditawarkan museum ini.

Dalam konteks pengembangan museum, museum ini terus memperbaharui dirinya untuk menjadi lebih baik. Dari tahun ke tahun, dalam pengamatan penulis, museum ini memberikan suatu kebaruan dari segi paparan informasi dan pengetahuan, berikut juga fitur-fitur yang menarik perhatian.

Sayangnya, karena terus memperbaharui diri, museum ini suka mempersingkat informasi yang sebelumnya detail sehingga upaya memberikan pemahaman tentang hal-hal khusus menjadi berkurang.

Tetapi, terlepas dari lebih dan kurangnya museum ini, Museum Bank Indonesia bisa dikatakan sebagai museum yang terawat dan layak untuk dikunjungi. Kehadiran Museum Bank Indonesia bisa menambah khasanah kita tentang sejarah ekonomi melalui eksibisi yang menarik.

Baca juga: Museum Bahari Tempo Dulu dan Kini

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