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Tentang Kepulauan Banda
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Tentang Kepulauan Banda

Keajaiban dalam sejarah dunia sebetulnya ada pada Kepulauan Banda. Wilayah yang kini menjadi bagian dari Kecamatan Banda, Provinsi Maluku, itu hanya memiliki luas kurang dari 55,3 kilometer persegi, namun pernah membuat negara Eropa kaya raya dengan hasil rempahnya.

Bagaimana tidak, kekayaan pulau-pulau ini mampu menambah kekayaan Belanda pada abad ke-17. Bahkan, menimbulkan pertumpahan darah berupa pembantaian, perbudakan, hingga pengusiran rakyat Banda.

Kepulauan ini kemudian didiami para petani Belanda, budak, buruh perkebunan, pedagang dari seluruh dunia, dan penduduk asli yang selamat.

“Inilah awal eksperimen kolonial yang pada akhirnya bertumbuh pesat menjadi Hindia Belanda, yang di tahun 1945 menjadi Bangsa Indonesia yang baru merdeka, yang sekarang menjadi negara terpadat keempat di dunia,” tulis Arkeolog Peter V. Lape, dalam Arkeologi di Kepulauan Rempah: Delapan Ribu Tahun Pendudukan  Manusia di Banda.

Dalam buku Kepulauan Banda dan Masyarakatnya, dijelaskan bahwa Banda terdiri dari pulau-pulau. Pulau-pulau itu antara lain Pulau Lontor, Pulau Banda, Pulau Gunungapi, Pulau Ai, Pulau Run, Pulau Pisang, Pulau Hatta, dan Pulau Karaba.

Pulau Lontor, disebut juga Pulau Banda Besar, menjadi pulau terluas, yakni 44 kilometer persegi. Selain itu, masih ada sejumlah pulau yang tak berpenghuni seperti Suanggi, Naijalaka, dan Batukapal.

Kepulauan Banda berada di sebelah tenggara dari Kota Ambon. Kepulauan Banda berada di antara hamparan Laut Banda yang membentang di antara pulau-pulau di Maluku dan Sulawesi.

Mengapa Kepulauan Banda menarik untuk diperhatikan?

Meski hanya noktah-noktah kecil dalam peta Indonesia, Banda adalah saksi bisu tragedi sejarah di Indonesia. Sebab, Banda adalah wilayah genosida pertama kalinya yang dilakukan Belanda dalam sejarah di nusantara—meski tampaknya dilupakan.

Banda menjadi wilayah asal dari komoditi pala dan bunga pala, komoditi rempah yang lebih mewah dari emas dan perak pada zamannya.

Menurut Arkeolog Peter, temuan arkeologi telah menunjukkan 3.500 tahun sebelum saat ini. Temuan residu pala pada panci memasak adalah bukti paling purba di dunia terhadap penggunaan pala oleh manusia.

Melalui komoditi pala inilah, Banda menjadi perebutan wilayah antar bangsa, utamanya orang-orang lokal yang mempertahankan wilayah bersama Inggris melawan VOC yang diisi orang-orang Belanda.

Dari perebutan kuasa inilah, Banda menjadi ladang pertumpahan darah yang tak terhindarkan.

Baca juga: Banda: Ketika VOC Mengusir Portugis

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