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Banda: Ketika VOC Mengusir Portugis
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Banda: Ketika VOC Mengusir Portugis

Komoditi pala dan bunga pala di Kepulauan Banda, Maluku, menjadi alat ekonomi yang sangat bernilai pada masa abad pertengahan. Komoditi ini menjadi komoditi yang bahkan lebih mahal dari emas dan perak lantaran bisa digunakan dalam segala fungsi, utamanya untuk makanan, ramuan obat, dan bahan pengawet.

Baca juga: Tentang Kepulauan Banda

Berkat komoditi tersebut, kegiatan ekonomi orang-orang Banda menjadi sangat hidup.

Para pemuka masyarakat di Kepulauan Banda, dikenal sebagai orang kaya, memimpin pemerintahan dan perdagangan kala itu, sebelum Bangsa Eropa datang ke Pulau Banda.

Mereka berdagang pala dan bunga pala dengan orang-orang Arab, Melayu, dan Jawa. Bahkan, mereka menjadi sangat kaya akibat perdagangan itu.

Akan tetapi, semua berubah ketika Bangsa Eropa datang ke Pulau Banda. Sejak saat itu, mimpi buruk pun dimulai.

**

Tahun 1512 menjadi awal kedatangan Bangsa Portugis di Pulau Banda. Mereka kemudian mendirikan benteng di kawasan Banda—meskipun digagalkan orang setempat.

Orang-orang Banda curiga dengan tindakan kaum Portugis. Mereka menolak keras keinginan Portugis untuk mencari untung di pulau Banda dan menyebarkan agama Katolik (Vincent C. Loth, “Pioneers and Perkeniers: The Banda Islands in The 17th Century”, Cakalele, Vol. 6, 1995: 13:35).

Karena itu, ia butuh aliansi yang kuat. VOC menjadi jawaban untuk semua itu. VOC juga ingin mengusir Portugis, tetapi memiliki ide yang lebih gila: monopoli perdagangan.

Atas dasar itu, VOC dan orang kaya bekerja sama mengusir Portugis dengan syarat kontrak tertentu. VOC diperbolehkan membuat benteng dan mendirikan pos dagang di Neira. VOC juga ingin orang-orang Banda menjual rempah-rempah khusus kepada mereka.

Kesepakatan terjadi. Dua bangsa bekerja sama melawan Portugis dan berhasil mengusirnya. Portugis pun menyingkir, lalu berdagang rempah-rempah di Malaka.

Atas keberhasilan mengusir Portugis, kontrak monopoli diberlakukan antara orang-orang Banda dan VOC.

Dinamika monopoli perdagangan pala dan bunga pala di Kepulauan Banda terjadi sejak kontrak diberlakukan. Sejak saat itulah, kebencian orang-orang Banda kepada Belanda tak terhindarkan.

Baca juga: Berebut Pala di Kepulauan  Banda

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