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Pembantaian Tionghoa 1740 di Angke: Perlawanan (Bagian II)
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Pembantaian Tionghoa 1740 di Angke: Perlawanan (Bagian II)

Para pemukim Tionghoa melawan VOC dengan menyerang fasilitas-fasilitas VOC seperti pabrik gula, pos penjagaan, gudang di sekitar kota. Ternyata, skala perlawanan tersebut meningkat menjadi pemberontakan besar untuk melawan VOC.

Pada 8 Oktober 1740, orang-orang Tionghoa dari wilayah sekitar Batavia, termasuk Tangerang dan Bekasi, turut bergabung dalam pemberontakan.

Jumlah mereka tidak lebih dari 10 ribu orang. Sejumlah 1.789 orang Tionghoa terbunuh dalam insiden ini—mengutip catatan Thomas Stanford Raffles (1830) dalam The History of Java.

Besoknya, Valckenier mengerahkan pasukan militer yang lebih besar. Pembantaian terhadap etnis Tionghoa dilancarkan sejak pagi, pada 9 Oktober 1740. Militer VOC bergerak membunuhi orang Tionghoa tanpa ampun.

Tapi tak hanya militer VOC, kaum pribumi dari berbagai suku yang ada di Batavia pun bergabung dengan VOC untuk membantai etnis Tionghoa.

Mereka ikut membantai etnis Tionghoa setelah mendengar isu bahwa orang-orang Tionghoa berencana memperkosa perempuan lokal, membunuh para lelakinya, atau menjadikannya sebagai budak. Padahal, kenyataannya tidak.

Pembantaian berlangsung selama 13 hari. Sekitar 10 ribu lebih orang Tionghoa menjadi korban, baik tua, muda, pesakitan, wanita hingga bayi.  Rumah mereka dijarah dan dibakar; mayat-mayat korban pembantaian dibuang sembarangan.

Mayat-mayat tersebut dibuang di rawa-rawa wilayah Meester Cornelis. Sementara, lokasi paling banyak korban terdapat di Angke di mana mayat korban pembantaian dibuang ke sungai.

**

Seorang pelaku pembantaian, G.Bernhard Schwarzen, berkisah dalam bukunya, Reise in Ost-Indien yang terbit pada 1751.

Diungkapkannya, “Seluruh jalanan dan gang-gang dipenuhi mayat, kanal penuh dengan mayat. Bahkan kaki kita tak akan basah ketika menyeberangi kanal jika melewati tumpukan mayat-mayat itu.”

Akhir peristiwa menyisakan 3.441 orang Tionghoa yang selamat yang terdiri dari 1.442 pedagang, 935 petani, 728 pekerja perkebunan, dan 336 pekerja kasar.

Pembantaian Tionghoa ini memiliki dampak yang luas. Setelah tragedi 1740, banyak peristiwa-peristiwa pemberontakan berdarah lainnya yang melibatkan kaum pelarian Tionghoa Angke, seperti huru-hara ‘geger pecinan’ yang meletus di wilayah Mataram.

Di sisi lain, tragedi tersebut mempengaruhi karir Adriaan Valckenier. Gubernur Jenderal VOC itu dijatuhi hukuman selama 9,5 tahun penjara karena kebijakan yang ia buat.

Editor: Agil Kurniadi

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