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Angke Tempo Dulu: Menilik Wilayah dan Masyarakatnya
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Angke Tempo Dulu: Menilik Wilayah dan Masyarakatnya

Angke muncul sebagai kawasan awal kota Jakarta.

Nama Angke identik dengan Sungai Angke atau Rivier van Angkee, sungai yang membentang sepanjang 91,25 kilometer dari Semplak, Bogor, melintasi wilayah Jawa Barat, Banten, dan Jakarta sampai bermuara di Laut Jawa dekat Muara Angke, Jakarta Barat. Wilayah ini cocok untuk transportasi dan pertanian.

Angke sangat berkaitan dengan unsur Tionghoa. Sebelum dihuni etnis Tionghoa, kali Angke tak memiliki nama. Namanya saja berasal dari Bahasa Hokkian, yaitu kata ‘Ang’ dari Angke bisa berarti Merah (紅) atau Banjir (洪).

Banyak juga yang berpendapat bahwa Angke berarti Kali Merah. Sungai Angke ditafsirkan sebagai sungai merah karena warna darah yang tumpah dari buangan mayat korban pembantaian.

Tetapi, ada pula yang mengatakan bahwa Angke berarti Kali Banjir karena huruf (洪) dalam bahasa Hokkian juga diucapkan ‘Ang’.

Sejarawan Denys Lombard memperkuat pandangan tersebut. Menurutnya, istilah Angke berasal dari bahasa Tionghoa yang berarti ‘Riviere qui deborde’, yakni sungai yang (sering) banjir.

Lalu, siapa penghuni Angke tempo dulu?

Sejarah mencatat, wilayah ini berisikan pemukiman para transmigran etnis Tionghoa. Angke menjadi wilayah favorit perantau Cina di Batavia yang baru saja dibangun VOC.

Mayoritas penduduk di pemukiman-pemukiman, terutama kawasan kota lama seperti Jakarta Utara dan Jakarta Barat, beretnis Tionghoa. Tak jarang, mereka punya nama lokasi atau jalan yang berasal dari bahasa atau dialek Tionghoa.

Pemukim Tionghoa sudah ada di Angke seiring dengan keberadaan penduduk Tionghoa di Banten sejak abad 12 dan 13, jauh sebelum era kedatangan kolonialis Eropa pada abad 16.

Jumlah penduduk Tionghoa di Angke semakin bertambah akibat migrasi dari Banten setelah kesultanan tersebut dikuasai oleh Belanda. Itu berarti pemukim Tionghoa di wilayah Angke bukan lahir dari rahim kolonialisme.

Baca juga: Dari Tubagus Angke Hingga Pangeran Jayakarta: Dari Angke Menguasai Jakarta

Editor Agil Kurniadi

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