Kisah Calon Arang menceritakan tentang upaya menghentikan wabah teluh yang dilakukan olehnya. Kisah ini bukan hanya mengambil nilai intristik dari kesusastraan saja, tetapi juga mengedepankan daya magis pengleakan.
Baca juga: Ketika Pengguna Leak Hancurkan Negeri (Bagian I)
Pramoedya Ananta Toer menulis ulang kisah Calon Arang tersebut dalam karya sastra. Tulisan itu kemudian banyak diulas oleh akademisi terkait leak dalam sastra perspektif modern.
Salah satunya adalah tafsir sastra feminisme. Dalam penafsiran ini, kisah Calon Arang telah menjadikan perempuan sebagai subjek utama dalam sebuah karya sastra.
Kisah Calon Arang menunjukkan gambaran di mana perempuan menjadi tertindas dan didominasi oleh budaya patriarki. Pelabelan status sosial perempuan dalam masyarakat yang meliputi status pekerjaan (perempuan penyihir) dan status pernikahan (janda dan perawan tua) merupakan bentuk dominasi budaya patriarki.
Status janda merupakan kedudukan dan keadaan dalam masyarakat yang kurang menguntungkan bagi perempuan. Dalam kisah Calon Arang, Janda dari Girah itu harus berhadapan dengan pandangan janda sebagai inferior/subordinat, lemah, dan tak memiliki kemampuan apapun.
Selain itu, pekerjaannya sebagai penyihir berada pada posisi yang dirugikan. Tak ada yang berani mendekati anaknya baik untuk berteman maupun untuk melamar Ratna Manjali karena takut dengan pekerjaannya. Sehingga, Ratna kemudian jadi perbincangan orang-orang sebagai sebuah aib dan dilabeli perawan tua.
Calon Arang menggugat dominasi tersebut dengan cara mengusung aji wegig (red: teluh). Sementara anaknya, Ratna Manjali, bersikap lain. Ia menerima saja perlakuan dominasi patriarki yang dialaminya. Baik ketika Ratna Manjali dilabeli sebagai perawan tua, hingga ia dinikahi dengan tujuan untuk mencari kelemahan dan mengalahkan ibu kandungnya.
Penggunaan ilmu leak yang tercantum dalam serat Calon Arang, misalnya, penuh kejahatan dan menimbulkan banyak korban.
Tetapi, biar bagaimanapun, pengleakan Calon Arang ini mendapat restu dari dewi Durga melalui perjumpaan langsung. Dalam perspektif religius, umumnya hanya orang-orang suci yang dapat berkomunikasi langsung dengan dewa-dewi. Artinya, Calon Arang tidaklah sepenuhnya buruk, jahat atau kotor.
Pun, terhadap lontar pengleakan milik Calon Arang, ternyata –menurut tafsir penulis— tidak berisi kejahatan. Mpu Bharadah sebagai sosok protagonis yang mengalahkan Calon Arang yang mungkin tidak ada kesalahan dalam literatur tersebut. Hanya saja, lontar dibaca ‘secara berbeda’ oleh Calon Arang. Dengan kata lain, leak tidak sepenuhnya jahat meski bisa dipergunakan untuk menyakiti.
Editor: Agil Kurniadi
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